His contribution to mathematics was also of the first order, as the inventor of the Cartesian coordinate system and the founder of analytic geometry, crucial to the invention of calculus and mathematical analysis. He represents a major break with the Aristotelianism and Scholasticism of the Medieval period. He was a pioneer and major figure in 17th Century Continental Rationalism (often known as Cartesianism) later advocated by Baruch Spinoza and Gottfried Leibniz, and opposed by the British Empiricist school of thought of Hobbes, Locke, Berkeley and Hume. He is responsible for one of the best-known quotations in philosophy: "Cogito, ergo sum" ( "I think, therefore I am"). He has been called the "Father of Modern Philosophy", and much of subsequent Western philosophy can be seen as a response to his writings. Ren� Descartes (1596 - 1650) was a French philosopher, mathematician, scientist and writer of the Age of Reason. By Individual Philosopher > Ren� Descartes
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